Panera Bread Nonprofit Restaurant

Panera Bread Nonprofit Restaurant Panera Bread is a company that has a chain of caterings all over the USA. The executive chairman of the board, Ron Shaich, has decided to open a nonprofit restaurant in St. Louis that declares â€Å"Take what you need, leave your fair share†.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Panera Bread Nonprofit Restaurant specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The restaurant offers bakery products and customers pay the price they consider appropriate, or, those who cant pay, are able to get food by donating their time. One of the main ideas of this restaurant is to sell day-old baked goods other restaurants of the chain produce (Panera: Pay what you can afford, 2010). Sharing experience is one of the main problems the organization faces. Dwelling upon the main idea of this nonprofit restaurant, it is important to state that it offers people bakery products which are not paid to the cashiers as in usual restaurants. Cashiers offer only the information about their cost and receive credit cards. When people have selected what they want, they are not offered to pay their bill, they are asked to donate. Those who have no money have an opportunity to donate their time, to work in the restaurant. Money donated by the visitors is delivered to different communities which need support. Volunteer work is extremely important as it allows the company not to pay salaries and deliver more money to those who really need it (Horovitz, 2010). Sharing experience and knowledge is considered to be one of the main problems the community of practice faces, and the following steps should be considered to solve it. First of all, the community of practice should identify the goals, objects and the scope of work to do. Considering the case under consideration, it is necessary to identify the organizations in the area which want to have the same practice. According to the number of objects, a group of people should be created which sh ould be aware of the main principles of this kind of business. The volunteers who participated in the restaurant business may be considered as the best candidates. Secondly, it is necessary to create a plan according to which the information is going to be shared. Specific meetings, Internet forums or leaflets with the specific data are the central means of sharing the information among those who are interested in the affair. The managers of the restaurant should always be ready to answer the questions asked by those who are interested in running this kind of business. Panera Bread is not the first company which has decided to run this kind of business, so the information from other companies may be interesting. The Internet is a great opportunity to get it.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The policy of actions in the relation to the sharing of knowledge and exper ience in running donation business is created on the basis of the community of practice. It does not have any financial basis as this organization is nonprofit. The community of practice is â€Å"made up of individuals who are informally bounded to one another through exposure to a similar set of problems and a common pursuit of solutions† (Daft Lane, 2008, p. 216). Keeping in mind this specific definition, it is possible to create a set of nonprofit organizations which are aimed at helping foundations which need specific assistance or financial support. Thus, it may be concluded that Panera Bread nonprofit restaurant based on donations and volunteer work may become a center of the community of practice aimed at helping other companies create the same kind of business in different spheres. Information sharing may be considered as the main problem the company may face, but it is important to remember about the communities which are always ready to help. Reference List Daft, R . L. Lane, P. G. (2008). The leadership experience. Stamford: Cengage Learning. Horovitz, B. (2010, may 18). Non-profit Panera cafe: Take what you need, pay what you can. USA Today. Web. Panera: Pay what you can afford. (2010, May 18). St. Louis Business Journal. Web.

Working From Home in a Scientific Career

Working From Home in a Scientific Career What work-from-home opportunities are available in the sciences? Can you transition back into a conventional workplace after being at home? How does working at home impact your finances? There are many ways to work from home in a scientific career field, and answers to all your questions about it. Ways to Work Remotely Freelance writers are self-employed. You might seek a single contract with a particular company or you might look for multiple smaller jobs. Some writers put up notices at schools to write or type papers. Scientists who can write well often help other scientists write articles or prepare proposals. Editorial positions may also be available for scientifically-trained professionals. Many scientists can make the transition to technical writer. Some technical writers have regular employment and others are self-employed. People in this position write user manuals, document safety information, prepare annotated bibliographies, and create similar technical materials. There are many possibilities for telecommuting work in the sciences. There is a market for internet research, literature searches, and more. Some consultants review research plans and professional papers for their scientific merit, as well as give editorial advice. Not everything that can be done at work can be done at home, but many things can. Think about the position you have (or want) and list duties that can be performed at home. Some employers that dont offer telecommuting work may be receptive to the idea, providing you can present a case for this form of employment in a rational manner. It helps if you can increase productivity or decrease costs to the company in your proposal. Thanks to the internet, it is possible to teach without entering a traditional classroom. To find these positions, check out school websites for open positions. Tutoring is usually a part-time position, and some tutors help students in their own home. Check local newspapers and bulletin boards at schools to find jobs. You can call or schedule an appointment with the academic assistance offices at schools to explore unadvertised opportunities. Some companies also hire tutors to help employees in continuing education. As you might imagine, there are certain limitations to doing science at home. The most notable problems are associated with safety, security, and finances. However, if you are creative, its possible to engage in science and engineering from home. If you are a theorist or do computer modeling, you have some excellent options. If you want an affiliation with a corporation or institution, team up with a local school or business. Joining a professional organization is always a good idea, too. You can be an entrepreneur in any field, including science. You can be self-employed without being an entrepreneur, but some of the most attractive employment prospects may result from a start-up venture. Search for work at home jobs. If you have particular skills, for example, with graphics programs, programming, or photography, there may be other positions that will appeal to you. What You Will Need If you work out of your home, you will need to demonstrate the following traits: Self-motivation is the key to success at working from home. When you work from home, you have tasks to complete with a relatively open timeframe for completion. You must be able to motivate yourself to do all of the things you need to do. If you do choose to work at home, be aware there will be times when your self-motivation will flag. Its natural, but you must be able to overcome it.Fortunately, physical organization isnt the same as being neat. However, if you are working from home, you will need to establish good record-keeping procedures and keep your files (whether hard copies or on a computer) within some organizational structure.For most at-home jobs, there is no immediate supervisor handing down priorities, so you will need to determine what needs to be done and how to do it, and then get it done.Its much harder to leave it at the workplace when the workplace is also home. Some people set aside a separate room for work (which has benefits regarding taxes), whereas others hav e less structured divisions between home and work. Some people set strict office hours. Some people have separate computers for work and recreation. Its important to make some sort of division or at least a comfortable integration. Otherwise, youll risk job burnout or else never get tasks completed. Other Issues Most people who work at home dont make a permanent transition. Keep an eye on how your work-from-home experience can be written up in your resume or vitae. When possible, maintain subscriptions to professional and trade journals or visit a library that carries them. Attend meetings and conferences, take classes, write papers, and build up concrete evidence that you are continuing your education and expanding your professional skills. You want to maintain business contacts, so keep up with your correspondence. While many self-employed positions pay less than conventional employment, you may find that you save money on clothes, transportation, and food. You may be able to deduct home office expenses. There are more options than ever before to get health insurance and other benefits as a self-employed person.

Respond to the discussion about Aristotle (for online Essay - 1

Respond to the discussion about Aristotle (for online class-introduction to Ethics) - Essay Example Two brothers who are given the same up-bringing turn out to be different in their personalities because of the difference of experiences that they go through. No one is born to act in a certain way, though the ups and downs of life do have a role in depicting an individual’s personality and attitude. However, I do not agree with you when you say that the vicious people can be changed. We can try to change them, but there are several controlling factors that are beyond our control. 2. You have made a good attempt to support your assertion with scientific discussion. However, you have mentioned partial agreement with Aristotle’s conception, approving which I have reservations. It is right that an individual’s characteristic traits are determined by his/her genes. But we should realize that anger is present in every human being to varying degrees. Similarly, kindness, gentleness, arrogance and such other traits are all existent in all of us and in fact, have a big r ole in making us act like humans. However, there are some that control their anger, and there are others who are controlled by their anger. What matters is, how much effort one puts into suppressing the negative feelings and promoting the positive ones. This is what virtuosity and viciousness is all about, and the environmental influence and an individual’s experiences play a decisive role in making him/her virtuous or vicious.

The Things They Carried by Tim O' Brian Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Things They Carried by Tim O' Brian - Essay Example Each of them finds many things to blame, and they all, at times, also blame themselves. Two characters in particular highlight the struggle for a way to apportion blame, namely the soldier Norman Bowker and the author/narrator Tim O’Brien. This paper explains that the point of the book is to illustrate how soldiers should accept personal responsibility only for confessing the truth about what happened, and allocate all the blame and guilt to collective or impersonal agencies like chance, nature, god, or the human condition. The character of Norman Bowker represents a thinking soldier who goes through a fairly standard Vietnam War experience. His thoughtful nature is illustrated at the start of Speaking of Courage when his younger self is depicted â€Å"talking about urgent matters, worrying about the existence of God and theories of causation† (p. 132). These are quite normal preoccupations for a teenager, and it is stressed that this theoretical speculation takes place before there was any sign of the war, in the beautiful countryside of his youth. Even in this idealized, innocent state, Bowker notes that futile tragedy could occur. He reports â€Å"the lake had drowned his friend Max†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p.132). After the war is over, Norman is haunted by what he sees as his own guilt in the death of his comrade in arms Kiowa. He thinks that if he had acted differently, maybe he could have done something, but he has difficulty expressing himself to the civilians around him. He thinks they will not understand, and, as his mother puts it he does not want to be a bother to them. Norman writes to the Tim O,Brien/narrator character asking for Tim, who is a writer, to tell the story of â€Å"the terrible killing power of that shit field† (p. 153). He is referring here to the stinking muddy field into which the noble character Kiowa’s dead body sank. On one level, then, Norman realises that that the natural

Parole and Truth in Sentencing Essay Example for Free

Parole and Truth in Sentencing Essay To understand parole one needs to know what parole is and what it means. Parole is the status and early release of a convicted offender who has been conditionally releases from prison by a paroling authority before his or her sentence is expired. Parole and Probation have similar conditions. While an offender is on parole they have certain rules they need to follow. There is another form of parole which is Federal parole. Federal parole was determined by the Parole Board under the United Stated Parole Commission. Federal parole was changed after the Sentencing Reform Act. The Sentencing Reform Act was a part of the U. S. Federal statute that was intended to increase the consistency in the United States federal sentencing; this abolished federal parole all together. Parole was introduced by Brockway Zebulon in 1876 as a way to reduce jail overcrowding and as a way to rehabilitate offenders by encouraging them to win back their freedom with good behaviors. The role of parole was to reduce prison terms based on good behavior. Another role of probation was to supervise the convicted after being granted parole and grant freedom to those who had uncertain sentences. The reduction of jail terms after good and responsible behavior use to reduce indeterminate sentences. â€Å"There are 25 percent of inmates who are freed from prison are still paroled by the paroling authority, such as a parole board† (Schmalleger, F). Some conditions that affect parole would be the specific terms needed to be followed by the parolees. A parolee must check in with his parole officer within 24 hours after his release, they may be required to live in a certain area or with a certain person, and they may be required to stay away from certain people. If any of these stipulations are broken the parolee will go back to prison to serve out the remainder of their time of incarceration. This is also known as revocation of probation. Revocation of probation is an administrative action of a paroling authority removing a person from parole status. Once an offender is back in prison he has to serve out the remainder of his time and also anytime he may get from any other crimes he may have committed. Some typical conditions that affect whether a person gets parole are the nature of their crime, prior criminal record, and most importantly the amount of time already served. The goals of truth in sentencing are to improve the delivery of proportionate punishment and promote stability and predictability in offenders. â€Å"The abandonment of the rehabilitation goal, combined with a return to determine sentencing in many jurisdictions including the federal judicial system has reduces the amount of time an average corrections client spends on supervised parole†(Schmalleger,F pg. 424). In 1981 there was a revision that ensured that the credits to good behavior would exceed the length of the jail term: The more number of years one was to serve in prison the more the number of months they were likely to get. The credits were as follows five days per month on sentences between six months and one year, six days per month on sentences between 1 years and three years, and eight days per month on jail term between 5 years and 10 years. Convicts that were sentenced to life in jail were to be released on the basis of parole once they served 15 years in prison. There were other amendments that were done in the year 1930 and years after which have overseen the current parole regime that we have today. The probation and parole system is very intricate and is changed greatly overtime. Parole and probation are used all over the country and varies from state to state: even the truth in sentencing laws differ state to state. There are more parolees on parole than there has ever been all across the country and that number will only rise. As overcrowding continues to go on in prison, offenders will be released I feel like before they should be. Prison is meant to rehabilitate and to make the criminal think twice before committing a crime or giving him the skills he need to conduct a legal life style. Probation and Parole are 2 things that are an important part of the criminal justice systems.

Without Consicence: The Disturbing World Of The Psychopaths Among Us :: Without Consicence

Without Consicence: Â  The Disturbing World Of The Psychopaths Among Us Robert D Hare is respected by his colleagues worldwide as an expert on psychopathy. He gained much of his insights as a Psychologist employed with CSC (Correctional Service of Canada) starting in the early 60's. At the present time he is a Professor of Psychology at the University of British Columbia. He and his students have interviewed hundreds of psychopathic offenders. This book is rich with transcripts of those interviews, giving gripping insights into what makes them "tick." This IS NOT a shallow pop psychology, "self help" book. It's no gory thriller with lurid prose either. It's a GENUINE self help book. It will verify suspicions you may have acquired from life experiences, that some few people who cross your path truly "have no real feelings or conscience" and are "relentless users," employing endless ways to manipulate others. They are driven to always be "in control". I know the kind. I've positively identified about five or ten of them in my 41 years and seen many others who "lean that way." Just as this book states and/or implies -- even if they live their whole lives never actually committing any horrible crime, you never "trust" them. You somehow "know" what they COULD do. Your gut instincts warn you they are opportunistic, "social predators" whose outward "normalcy" is only a "slick facade." You detest and/or mourn the gullibility and trusting attitude of too many who are consistently "used" by them. Most of them during their entire lives never BREAK the law, but they are second to none at knowing how to BEND and TWIST it to suit their purposes. You find out eventually by observing them long enough or by being victimized yourself, how crafty they are at maneuvering others to "fit into their plans." You come to the horrible conclusion that if they were allowed free rein, they would prove that they only feel "truly alive" if they can tell everyone who touches their lives what to do, when to do it, what to think and when to think it? I believe they're profoundly fearful cowards, literally "too scared" to ever discover love or respect. Their social relations only have one goal and one choice if they can't meet it -- "In some way, shape or form, I MUST dominate you, if I can't, we have NOTHING to do with each other".

Gatsby Essy

Gatsby is not of royal greatness but fulfills all the other criteria of a tragic hero. Like everything else, the typical tragic hero has evolved greatly since its beginning days and Fitzgerald has made a large contribution to its evolution with his tragedy, The Great Gatsby. Jay Gatsby is considered a modern day tragic hero because he fulfills all of the expectations a tragic hero in todays day and age has. The first expectation that Gatsby fulfills to be a modern day tragic hero is that he has a Hamartia. His Hamartia is his obsession over having Daisy to himself.He considers her as the last thing in life that he needs in order to have perfection. She is the only unrealistic dream that he chases and in the end, dies because of her, which is symbolic of her devastating impact on his life. Everything he does in life is geared towards his goal of having Daisy's love. A quote to show when Nick realizes Gatsbys Hamartia is, â€Å"Then it had merely the stars to which he had aspired on t hat June night. He came alive to me, delivered suddenly from the womb of his purposeless splendor† (Fitzgerald 79).Nick realizes all of Gatsbys parties and everything Gatsby does is to reach his ideal, Daisy. This flaw of Gatsby's is what indirectly leads to his horrific death. Something else that happens to Gatsby which makes him a tragic hero is Hubris. Ever since the beginning of his life, Gatsby has always envisioned himself as better than what he was given. He was born poor, but worked to be rich and successful, all for Daisy. He is too arrogant though, to realize he will never get Daisy. He thinks himself too powerful and cannot understand how Daisy cannot ossibly love him enough to leave Tom.A quote to prove this is, â€Å"Was already behind him, somewhere back in that vast obscurity beyond the city, where the dark fields of the republic rolled on under the night. † (Fitzgerald 189). He is too conceited to realize that his illegal money isn't enough for Daisy to fully love him back. His arrogance is what leads to his destruction in the end by the Gods. Pathos is another requirement Gatsby fulfills in being a modern day tragic hero. Although Gatsby makes many mistakes that are indirectly the cause of his death, he Just didn't know better.He can't seem to get over his obsession of Daisy, as he is blind to the truth. Gatsby is a romantic dreamer who believes he will win the love of his life by gaining wealth. Daisy, however, is completely undeserving of his devotion. This is what causes the reader to feel empathy with Gatsby at the end. It's not his fault that he can't seem to notice how superficial and materialistic Daisy really is. A quote to prove Gatsby's absolute love for Daisy is, â€Å"He stretched his arms to warm water†(Fitzgerald 25). This reters to whenGatsby is seen looking at the green light leading to Daisy's house. W this, the reader can see the extreme desire Gatsby has for Daisy, but no matter how much he reaches for he r, he will never be able to have her. This however, is something Gatsby doesn't realize, making the reader feel compassion for his blindness to the truth. Catharsis is also something else seen in The Great Gatsby that makes Gatsby a tragic hero. Towards the end of the novel, the readers start to realize his complete carelessness and selfishness.He only cares about himself and oes what he feels is best for himself, not really taking into consideration how his decisions will affect anyone else. A example of his recklessness would be Myrtle Wilson's death. Although Daisy was the one who ran her over, Gatsby showed no remorse with killing Myrtle and even after he stepped on the emergency brake and Daisy fell into his lap, he drove on without regret of leaving her there. A quote to show this is, â€Å"So I pulled on the emergency brake. Then she fell over into my lap and I drove on† (Fitzgerald 137).Gatsby could've easily turned the car around and went ack to see if Myrtle was oka y but he decided to drive on, which shows how he only cares for himself. Even when he became friends with Nick, he only did so to get closer with Daisy. Daisy's materialistic outlook influences Jay enough to think that way too. So everything that Gatsby ever does, is all for his personal gain and his dream of getting Daisy. Gatsby's catastrophe death is the one of the things that happens to him which makes him a tragic hero. Gatsby is tragically murdered by Mr.

Four Challenges of Sustainability

â€Å"Four Challenges of Sustainability† by David W. Orr confronts the problems of sustainability and proposes a path to get there. The concept of sustainability is the primary topic and goal in regards to the future of humans. The entire idea that humans and civilization as we know it may cease to exist, is a relatively new idea. This very real idea has spawned acknowledgement and pursuit of avoiding it through sustainability. Militarization, the increasing number of incredibly poor, and the increasing amount of frivolous consumption are some of the many current practices that simply cannot be sustained. Major industrial industries like agriculture, energy production, and health care have begun to exhibit diminishing returns. The move to sustainability requires major changes and improvements in government, specifically democratic governments and the relationship between them and their citizens. Fair distribution of wealth, cradle to cradle material policy, and building ecologically sound cities are only possible through ethical governments that have their citizen’s best interests at heart. Orr more succinctly puts this as, â€Å"Sustainability, in short, constitutes a series of public choices that require effective institutions of governance and a well-informed democratically engaged citizenry. † Education and curriculums must be improved to include ideas that are essential to sustainability. These ideas should promote more windmills, more farmers’ markets, and more small businesses. Orr feels that the public must be educated about sustainability and then taught how to implement it. It is then their responsibility to pass this knowledge on to future generations. The transition to sustainability requires more than education and critical problem solving skills. In the quest for sustainability, Orr says we need â€Å"a higher level of spiritual awareness† and references Schumacher in saying that we require, â€Å"wisdom, love, compassion, understanding, and empathy. † These spiritual tools will enable us to stop the self destructive behaviors that we continually perpetuate. If not for any other reason than preserving humanity we must stop killing the planet.

Make Paper Chromatography With Leaves

Make Paper Chromatography With Leaves You can use paper chromatography to see the different pigments that produce the colors in leaves.  Most plants contain several pigment molecules, so experiment with many species of leaves to see the wide range of colors. This is a simple science project that takes about 2 hours. Key Takeaway: Leaf Paper Chromatography Chromatography is a chemical purification method that separates colored substances. In paper chromatography, pigments may be separated based on the different size of the molecules.Everyone knows leaves contain chlorophyll, which is green, but plants actually contain a wide range of other pigment molecules.For paper chromatography, plant cells are broken open to release their pigment molecules. A solution of plant matter and alcohol is placed at the bottom of a piece of paper. Alcohol moves up the paper, taking pigment molecules with it. Its easier for smaller molecules to move through the fibers in paper, so they travel fastest and move the furthest up the paper. Larger molecules are slower and dont travel as far up the paper. What You Need You only need a few simple materials for this project. While you can perform it using only one type of leaf (e.g., chopped spinach), you can experience the greatest range of pigment colors by collecting several types of leaves. LeavesSmall  Jars with LidsRubbing AlcoholCoffee FiltersHot WaterShallow PanKitchen Utensils Instructions Take 2-3 large leaves (or the equivalent with smaller leaves), tear them into tiny pieces, and place them into small jars with lids.Add enough alcohol to just cover the leaves.Loosely cover the jars and set them into a shallow pan containing an inch or so of hot tap water.Let the jars sit in the hot water for at least a half hour. Replace the hot water as it cools and swirl the jars from time to time.The jars are done when the alcohol has picked up color from the leaves. The darker the color, the brighter the chromatogram will be.Cut or tear a long strip of coffee filter paper for each jar.Place one strip of paper into each jar, with one end in the alcohol and the other outside of the jar.As the alcohol evaporates, it will pull the pigment up the paper, separating pigments according to size (largest will move the shortest distance).After 30-90 minutes (or until the desired separation is obtained), remove the strips of paper and allow them to dry.Can you identify which pigments are pr esent? Does the season in which the leaves are picked affect their colors? Tips for Success Try using frozen chopped spinach leaves.Experiment with other types of paper.You can substitute other alcohols for the rubbing alcohol, such as ethyl alcohol or methyl alcohol.If your chromatogram is pale, next time use more leaves and/or smaller pieces to yield more pigment. If you have a blender available, you can use it to finely chop the leaves. How Leaf Paper Chromatography Works Pigment molecules, such as chlorophyll and anthocyanins, are contained within plant leaves. Chlorophyll is found in organelles called chloroplasts. The plant cells need to be torn open to expose their pigment molecules. The macerated leaves are placed in a small amount of alcohol, which acts as a solvent. Hot water helps soften the plant matter, making it easier to extract the pigments into the alcohol. The end of a piece of paper is placed in the solution of alcohol, water, and pigment. The other end stands straight up. Gravity pulls on the molecules, while alcohol travels up the paper via capillary action, pulling pigment molecules upward with it. The choice of paper is important because if the fiber mesh is too dense (like printer paper), few of the pigment molecules will be small enough to navigate the maze of cellulose fibers to travel upward. If the mesh is too open (like a paper towel), then all of the pigment molecules easily travel up the paper and its difficult to separate them. Also, some pigment might be more soluble in water than in alcohol. If a molecule is highly soluble in alcohol, it travels through the paper (the mobile phase). An insoluble molecule might remain in the liquid. The technique is used to test purity of samples, where a pure solution should only produce a single band. It is also used to purify and isolate fractions. After the chromatogram has developed, the different bands may be cut apart and the pigments recovered. Sources Block, Richard J.; Durrum, Emmett L.; Zweig, Gunter (1955). A Manual of Paper Chromatography and Paper Electrophoresis. Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4832-7680-9.Haslam, Edwin (2007). Vegetable tannins – Lessons of a phytochemical lifetime. Phytochemistry. 68 (22–24): 2713–21. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.09.009

Overview of the Glencoe Massacre

Overview of the Glencoe Massacre Conflict:Â  The Massacre at Glencoe was part of the repercussions of the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Date:Â  The MacDonalds were attacked on the night of February 13, 1692. Pressure Building Following the ascent of Protestant William III and Mary II to the English and Scottish thrones, many clans in the Highlands rose up in support of James II, their recently deposed Catholic king. Known as Jacobites, these Scots fought to return James to the throne but were defeated by Government troops in mid-1690. In the wake of James defeat at the Battle of the Boyne in Ireland, the former king withdrew to France to begin his exile. On August 27, 1691, William offered the Jacobite Highland clans a pardon for their role in the uprising provided that their chiefs swore allegiance to him by the end of the year. This oath was to be given to a magistrate and those who failed to appear before the deadline were threatened with harsh repercussions from the new king. Concerned over whether to accept Williams offer, the chiefs wrote to James asking his permission. Delaying over a decision as he still hoped to regain his throne, the former king finally accepted his fate and granted it late that fall. Word of his decision did not reach the Highlands until mid-December due to particularly harsh winter conditions. Upon receiving this message, the chiefs quickly moved to obey Williams command. The Oath Alastair MacIain, the chief of the MacDonalds of Glencoe, set out on December 31, 1691, for Fort William where he intended to give his oath. Arriving, he presented himself to Colonel John Hill, the governor, and stated his intentions to comply with the kings wishes. A soldier, Hill stated that he was not permitted to accept the oath and told him to see Sir Colin Campbell, the sheriff of Argyle, at Inveraray. Before the MacIain departed, Hill gave him a letter of protection and a letter explaining to Campbell that MacIain had arrived before the deadline. Riding south for three days, MacIain reached Inveraray, where he was forced to wait three more days to see Campbell. On January 6, Campbell, after some prodding, finally accepted MacIains oath. Departing, MacIain believed that he had fully complied with the kings wishes. Campbell forwarded MacIains oath and the letter from Hill to his superiors in Edinburgh. Here they were examined and a decision was made not to accept MacIains oath without a special warrant from the king. The paperwork was not, however, sent on and a plot was hatched to eliminate the MacDonalds of Glencoe. The Plot Apparently led by Secretary of State John Dalrymple, who had a hatred of the Highlanders, the plot sought to eliminate a troublesome clan while making an example for the others to see. Working with Sir Thomas Livingstone, the military commander in Scotland, Dalrymple secured the kings blessing for taking measures against those who had not given the oath in time. In late January, two companies (120 men) of the Earl of Argyles Regiment of Foot were sent to Glencoe and billeted with the MacDonalds. These men were specifically chosen as their captain, Robert Campbell of Glenlyon, had seen his land plundered by the Glengarry and Glencoe MacDonalds after the 1689 Battle of Dunkeld. Arriving in Glencoe, Campbell and his men were warmly greeted by MacIain and his clan. It appears that Campbell was unaware of his actual mission at this point, and he and men graciously accepted MacIains hospitality. After peacefully coexisting for two weeks, Campbell received new orders on February 12, 1692, following the arrival of Captain Thomas Drummond. That No Man Escape Signed by Major Robert Duncanson, the orders stated, You are hereby ordered to fall upon the rebels, the MacDonalds of Glencoe, and put all to the sword under seventy. You are to have special care that the old fox and his sons do upon no account escape your hands. You are to secure all the avenues that no man escape. Pleased to have an opportunity to exact revenge, Campbell issued orders for his men to attack at 5:00 AM on the 13th. As dawn approached, Campbells men fell upon the MacDonalds in their villages of Invercoe, Inverrigan, and Achacon. MacIain was killed by Lieutenant John Lindsay and Ensign John Lundie, though his wife and sons managed to escape. Through the glen, Campbells men had mixed feelings about their orders with several warning their hosts of the coming attack. Two officers, Lieutenants Francis Farquhar, and Gilbert Kennedy refused to take part and broke their swords in protest. Despite these hesitations, Campbells men killed 38 MacDonalds and put their villages to the torch. Those MacDonalds who survived were forced to flee the glen and an additional 40 died from exposure. Aftermath As news of the massacre spread across Britain, an outcry rose against the king. While sources are unclear as to whether William knew the full extent of the orders he signed, he quickly moved to have the matter investigated. Appointing a commission of inquiry in early 1695, William awaited their findings. Completed June 25, 1695, the commissions report declared that the attack was murder, but exonerated the king stating that his instructions regarding repercussions did not extend to the massacre. The majority of the blame was placed on Dalrymple; however, he was never punished for his role in the affair. In the wake of the report, the Scottish Parliament requested an address to the king to be drawn up calling for the punishment of the conspirators and suggesting compensation to surviving MacDonalds. Neither occurred, though the MacDonalds of Glencoe were permitted to return to their lands where they lived in poverty due to the loss of their property in the attack.

Shakespeare Comedies Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Shakespeare Comedies - Term Paper Example nd the critics declared his comedy as the most refined pieces of art and literature, even Aristotle has stated comedy as a mean form of the imitation of real life. But it is not applied to Shakespearean comedies, which serve as the guiding star for the future generations to come. Shakespeare does not take comedy as the ridiculous or ugly form of literature. On the contrary, he introduced new and novel elements in comedy that maintain theme, meanings and objectives within their fold. His plays under study also concentrate upon highlighting the follies and shortcomings human nature contains, and Shakespeare looks for addressing those follies and weaknesses in a sophisticated manner. Answer A: Though Shakespeare appears to be influenced by classical literature in his early comedies, yet he outgrows this impression in his future works. The same is applied by going through his â€Å"Taming of the Shrew† and Measure for Measure†, where he exercises his intellect while creating the city comedy in an innovative way without seeking inspiration from classicism. It has been the tradition of the playwrights to either classical or romantic genre while producing comedy and Shakespeare’s can be attributed as romantic in composition and decorum. He presents vivacious city life in both his comedies under study, where there is energy, light, vigor, thrill and passion where dancing, feasting, love-making, engagements, drinks and dinners and merry-seeking decorate the entire atmosphere, and the reader finds himself in an extremely pageant environment where there is peace, harmony, jubilance, excitement and pleasure all around. The same can be detected in the streets of Padua, where the characters offer, stipulate and exchange ecstasy, joys and delight, as Christopher Sly states while conversing with the hostess at the bar: â€Å"Ye are a baggage: the Slys are no rogues; look in the chronicles; we came in with Richard Conqueror. Therefore paucas pallabris; let the world slide: