Plan for Positive Influence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Plan for Positive Influence - Essay Example In our society, individuals with different responsibilities and with different titles do important work. In the context of business, restaurant manager, chairperson, dean, production manager, governor, and human resources manager are some of the titles associated with the position of management in different parts of the globe. These individuals may work in different types of organizations with different purposes; however, they all have one thing in common. They practice management and they make efforts to manage arrangement of the work, in order to ensure cooperation among the workers, employees, staff, etc. (Hayes, 2002) Additionally, they ensure positive influence at workplace, which is essential for the success of any business organization. It is observed that during social communications and interactions, communicative algorithms play an important role that have been referred as interpersonal skills, which facilitate and impact significantly on positivity of the workplace. Within business organizations, social communication and interactions is the major tool that is utilized by managers to operate and manage the employees in an efficient manner. In other words, interpersonal skills can be referred as an art that is used at the time of interacting with one another. It is indicated by the experts that interpersonal skills are key factors in the reduction of conflict within the workplace, and managers should refer these skills as a communicative respect for the workers. It is an observation that tasks are completed efficiently and professionally, when the information is obtained, processed, and employed with the help of interpersonal skills by the employees, especially the managers in an organization. (Gootnick, 1999) For instance, the interpersonal skill trains the manager to interrupt work of an employee with

Sigmund Freud Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Sigmund Freud - Essay Example (Cherry, 2014) Freud’s theory states that all intuitive energy is produced by the libido. Freud proposed that our mental states were affected by two contending strengths: cathexis and anticathexis. Cathexis was portrayed as a financing of mental energy in an individual, thought or object. Through anticathexis ego prevents the id from performing actions that are not socially acceptable. In addition to this Freud believed that human behaviour was motivated by two gut feelings: life and death. Life is connected to basic needs such as survival and etc. Death instinct is related to self destructive behaviour. In the basic structure of personality the mind is organized in two ways, consciousness and unconsciousness. The conscious mind includes all those things that we are aware of. The unconscious mind consists of things like wishes, desires, memories and etc; our mind is not aware of these however they continue to have an influence on our mind. He compared the human mind to an iceberg. The tip that is visible represents the consciousness and the rest represents the unconsciousness. Freud also divides the mind into three different modules; the id, ego and superego. The stages of development state that as children grow they go through some psychosexual stages. At each stage the libido focuses on a different body part. If however there is a problem in one of the stages, the process of development might get stuck. There can be obsession with something that might be related to that stage. (Cherry, 2014) Sigmund Freud, in addition to his excellent and sweeping theories of the human mind, he left his imprint on various people who turned out to be some of psychology’s greatest researchers. Some of the well known names are Anna Freud, Alfred Adler, Carl Jung and Erik Erikson. (Cherry, 2014). However he was confronted by Otto Rank,

Flexibility Principle Essay Example for Free

Flexibility Principle Essay Our 16th President Abraham Lincoln once said that slavery was a â€Å"Peculiar institution†. Long after that statement about slavery he would amend the the thirteenth amendment that abolished slavery. This amendment secured the blessing of liberty for the African Americans. The constitution is built on six basic principles; popular sovereignty, federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, and Flexibility. Out of the six basic principles the constitution is made up of, the flexibility principle is one reason why I am not a slave in America today. Why is that? The flexibility principle allowed the constitution to change as the times and the conditions for the country changed. The flexibility principle best secures our blessings of Liberty to ourselves and Posterity. This is exemplified in the elastic clause, the amendment process, and the act of Judicial interpretation/review. The first example of how flexibility in our constitution secures the blessings of liberty of ourselves and our posterity is the elastic clause. Otherwise known as the necessary and proper act. U.S. Constitution article one section eight allows congress to pass laws that are necessary and proper with the change in time and condition for the country.The Legislative branch is affected by the elastic clause because the clause decides whether the law being made is necessary and proper for our country. For example, an act that would show the elastic clause would be the ADA or Americans with Disabilities Act. This act was passed in 1990. The ADA prohibited the discrimination of disable people. Before this act was passed, disabled people were denied their blessings of liberty and their posterity. This act was necessary and proper because the disabled people did not have the same liberty as able bodied people. The elastic clause allowed this act to secure the blessing of liberty for disabled people. The second example of how flexibility in our constitution secures the blessings of liberty of ourselves and our posterity is the amendment process. The amendment process allows congress to add to or change the constitution. An example of the amendment process would be the nineteenth amendment. The nineteenth amendment prohibited a U.S. citizen from being denied the right to vote because of gender. Prior to this amendment women did not have the right to vote. With the principle of flexibility, the law was made by the Legislative branch which in essence secured the blessing of everyone’s liberty and posterity, not just men. The third and final example of how flexibility in our constitution secures the blessings of liberty of ourselves and our posterity is the Judicial interpretation or review. The Judicial interpretation decides whether what the government does is constitutional or unconstitutional. The Judicial interpretation is seen in the executive branch because the the executive branch implements laws that are created by the legislative branch. The first known use of the Judicial interpretation was during the Marbury v. Madison case. This case was the first decision by the supreme court to declare unconstitutional. The Judicial interpretation was the precedent set that gave the Judicial Branch the ability to declare laws unconstitutional. This secures our blessing of liberty of ourselves and our posterity. In conclusion, the abolition of slavery, the creation of women’s rights, and the passing of ADA were none of the things the framers of the constitution were actually planning on putting in the constitution. However, their wisdom allowed the constitution to be flexible enough to secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, through the use of the elastic clause, the amendment process, and the act of Judicial interpretation or review.

How Technology Has Changed Law Enforcement Criminology Essay

How Technology Has Changed Law Enforcement Criminology Essay The purpose of this paper is to discover how technology has changed the role of law enforcement personnel and how crimes and criminals have changed since the days of the Roman Empire. The objective is to show the advancements in technology that will aid our law enforcement agencies and police in fighting crime and to stop crime before it happens. This paper explains how the role of police officer has slowly changed up until the 21st century. Since the year 2000, everything has been quickly changing. New technologies have provided criminals with a whole new class of crimes and have also made it extremely difficult for them to get caught. At the same time, new technologies have been developed to help law enforcement fight against this new class of crime and criminal. The problem is that the new high-tech criminals are ahead in the fight. Although there has been a trend of consolidating law enforcement agencies, over the years, there is still a large resistance to the idea. Many states have merged agencies and have become more efficient in the way of service but many more a slow to realize the benefits of merging when it comes to fighting globalized crimes. Government agencies, such as the FBI, CIA, and Homeland Security seem to have an endless supply of funds that they can use to obtain the ways and means to fight 21st century crime. Terrorism is their main concern. Those at the federal level are attempting to merge efforts with state and local law enforcement agencies. Not much evidence was found to show that the federal government agencies are providing the lower levels of law enforcement with much needed funds. How does the role of police officer need to change in order to adequately protect our citizens from 21st century crimes and criminals? Chapter 2: History of Law Enforcement From the time when the development of society first began, some sort of law enforcement existed to defend the people against violence and crime and to keep rulers in command. Even in the Biblical era, there were armed personnel enlisted to uphold the peace. In ancient Egypt, a pharaoh reined over the land and his army of soldiers pursued the Israelites through the Red Sea. There were other similar civilizations like the Babylonians, the Syrians, and the Palestinians, just to name a few (Uchida, 1993). The most well established of all military armies was the Roman Empire. The Romans had an incredibly efficient and brutal mode of law enforcement that was established in order to uphold peace and enforce order. The Roman citizens never actually had an authentic police force, it wasnt until clan chiefs and state leaders were required to protect their people, back in the 5th century that police forces were established (Uchida, 1993). London was first to hire and pay keepers of the peace back in 1663. The idea quickly spread throughout the U.K. In June of 1800, Scotland established the Glasgow city police department. Glasgow police were the first trained police officers and were proficient in defensive policing. In 1829, Scotlands Parliament passed the Metropolitan Police Act, establishing the earliest civil police force model that has, over the last 181 years, has been adopted by many other countries, including the U. S. In 1834, Canada established its Toronto Police Force, making it one of the first police agencies in North America. 1939 brought the first full-time police department in U. S., namely, the Boston Police Department (Uchida, 1993). When civic policing was originally established in London in 1829, the focus was on stopping crime before it started: The community and the officials themselves looked upon the goal of policing as the nonexistence of crime. The original police officers in the U.S. were called peace officers; nevertheless, a markedly American approach of policing started to transpire in the States subsequent to the ending of the Civil War. As early settlers colonized the West, they realized they had to protect themselves from the natives. This realization led to the development of vigilante groups that were able to establish a list of township laws and frequently hired a so called gunfighter to be the townships sheriff in expectation of adequate protection. Over the decades, the American policing system changed from preventing crime to capturing and punishing law breakers. This system of law enforcement has reigned over time and has been adopted by numerous other countries (Stephens, 2005). The first modern police teams in America borrowed a great deal from those previously established in England. American law enforcement agencies adopted the strategy of crime deterrence, defensive patrol, and the military directorial plan of the first contemporary police department in London. American policing also borrowed additional elements from the English structure, such as, limitations to the amount of authority bestowed to police officers (Maguire, 1997). The security of individual freedom was greatly stressed in both the U. S. and England, consequently, limits were established on legislative and police authorities. This wasnt the situation in other European nations, where police organizations were allowed a wider range of control and individuals had few personal freedoms (Walker, 1999). Many countries have one central, state-run law enforcement agency. The U. S. and England do not. The American structure of law enforcement is controlled at the local, state, and federal levels, with the bulk of departments being community municipalities. One feature of U. S. policing system that was adopted from English heritage is a vastly decentralized and fragmented method of law enforcement. According to 1993 statistics, there are just about twenty thousand single law enforcement agencies within the U. S. The lack of organization and cooperation between individual law enforcement groups is a common characteristic of the American approach to law enforcement (Maguire et al, 1998). Even though the U.S. adopted the English model of a police force, there are several differences between the English and U. S. methods of law enforcement. England does not have a powerful political influence over their police agencies, unlike the U.S. and our daunting relationship between politics and policing. In fact, policing in America throughout the 19th century has been described as being disorganized, unproductive, unprofessional, and extremely corrupt (Walker, 1999). Those were times of high turnover of police officers, largely due to politics. For this reason, officers were not likely to have chummy relationships with the neighborhood people. During this time, police officers were notorious for brutality and were highly disrespected by the community. Police corruption led to an increase in violence among the towns people as well and thus resulted in weapon toting policemen (Walker, 1999). The 20th century brought on major changes to policing in the U. S. Underlying these changes was three main principle forces: (Gaines et al, 1999). Political reform. Modern technologies. The civil rights movement. Early in the 1900s, an extensive social and political movement in the U. S. called Progressivism was bringing awareness to and calling for total reform across a wide gamut of societal struggles. Progressives alleged that it was the governments duty to enhance the living conditions of the people. The Progressives demanded laws that would regulation sizeable businesses and corrupt local politics, modifications in labor laws, and upgrades to the whole of social welfare services (Walker, 1999). This reform effort was to the professionalization of police officers. The professionalization movement was to reform the ineffective and corrupt police departments that had been created throughout the 19th century. During this era of reform, there was a complete restructuring of police agencies and the role of police officers was redefined. The reformers goal was to eradicate political control, hire competent leaders, and elevate recruiting standards. The reform agenda involved the development of an unbiased public service administration and the restructuring of police agencies through the utilization of the principles of scientific management and the creation of specialized units (Walker, 1999). Table 1 Number of Major Events in the Last 40 Years that helped form Law Enforcement into what it is today. 1970s 1980,s 1990,s 21st Century Civil Uprising 44 13 10 1910 KKK 1 1 0 0 Black Militancy 6 0 0 0 Terrorist Attacks 10 11 9 23 Failed Terrorist Attacks 5 3 2 10 Intercepted Terrorist Plots 0 0 7 25 Chapter 3: Early Technology in Police Work The 20th century saw new technology that had a notable affect on policing in the U. S. Three specific technologies revolutionized policing: (Garretson, 2005). The two-way radio. The patrol car. The telephone. The two-way radio furnished on duty communication among supervisors and their officers, immediately impacting the quality of service to the community. The patrol car was presented in the 1920s and drastically increased the mobility of officers and radically lowered response time. The telephone made it possible for people to have a direct connection with the police department (Garretson, 2005). These new technologies also had a few unconstructive consequences. The patrol car isolated the police officers, where previously on foot, the officers were well-known in the neighborhood they patrolled and were able to visit with the citizens they came in contact with. The patrol car made law enforcement officers outsiders in their own communities. The telephone seriously increased the patrol officers workload. Individuals commenced telephoning the police department for trivial and private troubles that patrol officers were not accustomed to dealing with. The telephone changed casual civilian contact to personal contact by bringing officers into peoples homes (Garretson, 2005). Chapter 4: Modern Technology in Law Enforcement Here, in the 21st century, technology is advancing in the areas of; communication, computer systems, weapons, brain wave sensors, density scanners, amplified realism, biometrics, vision enhancers, and many more. Developments in technology will supply police departments with viable equipment that will greatly improve the effectiveness and efficiency of law enforcement personnel. Scientists within the Counterdrug Technology Assessment Center (CTAC) are operating with government agencies in the development of new technological devices that are going to be used by law enforcement agencies (Brandenstein, 2002). One such type of gadget is called the mini-buster. The mini-buster is a handheld device that senses the density of solid items so as to locate secret compartments that are concealed in the body of a vehicle. It can locate hidden compartments that could possibly be used to smuggle illegal imports, terrorist devices, and any other prohibited substances (Brandenstein, 2002). Scientists have produced a wireless interoperability system that can connect all federal, state, and local broadcasting frequencies. This system guarantees real-time communication for first-responder emergency personnel. To aid law enforcement officers with searches and evidence display, scientists have created a non-intrusive freight inspection device that discloses the contents of sealed containers. This device can also distinguish contents such as drugs, weapons, biological agents, and explosives. This device saves precious time and promises a certain amount of protection to police officers and investigators (Brandenstein, 2001). The scientists at CTAC have also created a video stabilization apparatus that electronically changes worthless, unstable surveillance video into comprehensible, court ready evidence. CTAC also supplies federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies with night vision and digital wiretapping devices (Brandenstein, 2002). Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) systems are built-in camera databases that also take pictures of car license plates and then compare them against databases of stolen cars or license plates (Banlingit, 2009). ALPRs were created in the 1980s to fight IRA assaults in England. ALPRs monitor all automobiles entering London. In the U.S. the ALPRs were first utilized along the borders at points of entry. This fixed position technology has become accessible in smaller, more sophisticated editions. At this time there are a number of companies manufacturing mobile APLRs that can be installed onto patrol cars (Balingit, 2009). At the moment a police officer starts his car, the APLR continuously takes 60 pictures per second and processes each license plate. As soon as a plate number is obtained, the numbers and letters are processed with OCR software (Optical Character Recognition) and compared to the information in another database to reveal a match. Although not advisable, the ALPRs works so fast that an ALPR-equipped patrol car traveling at over 100 mph can process the license plate of each and every car it passes in a parking lot, on both sides, and in total darkness. Furthermore the driver of the police car by no means needs to remove his hands from the steering wheel (Balingit, 2009). Mobile ALPRs are presently being used all over the U.S. and Canada. When other databases are linked, these ALPRs will provide police officers with important information on the vehicle itself and the vehicles owner (Belingit, 2009). Â   One of the largest hurdles in dealing with people from a different nation is speech. Language limitations make a complex job of identification and interviewing more complex. Most law enforcement officers have access to some type translation service, typically in the form of telephone translation services. However, this kind of service is not equivalent to employing a native speaker. Language translators will be able to fill the void (NLECTC U.S. 2003). There are actually quite a few varieties: desktop, handheld/portable, and Internet. The desktop systems that are presently on the market do not necessarily offer the finest in free form translation, meaning you can actually talk into them and they will translate what you said into the language you choose. Due to the large amounts of memory required, these types of systems are generally made for use on desktop computers. This technology is not broadly accessible and the cost is astronomical. Inside a few years the cost will decrease and it will likely be logical to think that an officer will be able to interrogate a suspect in their native language through a computer and in real time (NLECTC U.S. 2003). The handheld language translators that are available today offer some speech recognition capabilities. Handheld systems do not permit a person to ask any questions they want, but they do contain the ability to recognize customary questions asked by law enforcement and afterward play back a translation. Created for U.S. military forces in Iraq and Afghanistan these translators are reasonably priced and could undoubtedly aid law enforcement officers with speaking to people in various languages. Other languages can be added at any time. Translation devices have the ability to facilitate agency operations and to cut down miscommunication among police officers and the general public (NLECTC U.S. 2003). Researchers in the U. K. are conducting biometrics research in order to assemble a database of violent criminals and sex offenders (McCue, 2003). This database will use facial and voice recognition systems to correlate with the electronic fingerprint and palm print identification system. Video cameras and microphones that are being used in public and concealed surveillance systems will be able to identify thousands of violent criminals that saunter by (McCue, 2001). The Pinellas County, Florida, Sheriffs Office currently utilizes facial identification equipment to identify prisoners booked into the county jail. The facial identification system is capable of taking four facial pictures in under five seconds. The images are entered into the database where they are accessible to law enforcement agencies all over the world (Facial Recognition, 2004). Law enforcement officers face a big challenge when people provide them with false information regarding their identity. Knowing the real identity of someone they are dealing with could mean the difference between life and death. Until recently, there were very few ways that an officer could use to determine who an individual really was. MVD records could be searched if a photo drivers license was presented, if the license is legitimate (Weiss Davis, 2005). Facial recognition technology uses unalterable facial features, such as the distance between the pupil centers of the eye. It then uses an algorithm, which is a finite set of steps for solving a problem, to convert the image to numbers. The computer program compares the digital photograph of a face with the ones in the database and is able to identify a match, with the most probable match first. The police officer then decides which of the computers matches of the person in question. Facial Recognition Devices can also be used to identify a body as long as a good image can be taken (Weiss Davis, 2005). Chapter 5: Future Technology in Law Enforcement The U. S. Department of Defense research workers have developed a very unique uniform called (LEAP), which stands for Law Enforcement Advanced Protection System. This uniform delivers ballistic, chemical, and biological armor for S.W.A.T. officers and Hazmat specialists. The LEAP uniform is made of a supple body armor that is designed to contain radios, extra ammunition, hydration pouches, and other necessary gear. The ergonomic load-bearing belt contains a pistol, magazines, handcuffs, flash bangs, along with other equipment. The LEAP helmet contains a GPS system, radio antenna, flashlight, drop-down visor with heads-up display, and a detachable mandible to cover the face and neck. The LEAP uniform comes with boots, kneepads, elbow pads, and a waste management zipper (U.S. Soldier Systems Center, 2004). Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are unmanned auto pilot planes designed to survey a predetermined area. First created during World War I, robotic aircraft were utilized for target practice on antiaircraft gunners. Currently UAVs are run by computerized steering or by an out-of-the-way operator, these devices are considered to be an important factor in near future law enforcement operations (Carafano, 2005). Recently, UAVs deployed in Afghanistan and Iraq have received significant publicity due to their capacity to identify and fire upon enemy targets. UAVs have the power to remain in the air for quite a few days; these devices are considered to be a crucial force multiplier enabling police officers to keep an eye on emergent situations with a birds eye view by means of specialized sensors and video equipment (Carafano, 2005). UAVs have been tested with a range of degrees of success by federal law enforcement agencies such as the Department of Defense and U.S. Border Patrol. The future of UAVs will not be exclusively available to agencies with mega dollar budgets. Restricted border monitoring committees including the American Border Patrol have operated cheaper versions of UAVs for detecting prohibited border traffic since 2004. Purchasing smaller, consumer retail products, these types of exclusive groups have employed UAVs outfitted with night vision that cost under $30,000 each. As more and more law enforcement agencies find merit in this technology, costs are going to be driven down. In the not so far-off future, the currently used television helicopter will likely be replaced by a highflying, ultra-quiet law enforcement-issued UAV (Carafano, 2005). The militarys development of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) could significantly affect law enforcement. Using nanotechnology, the police UAVs would be the size of a small bird and stay aloft quietly for several hours. Using facial and voice recognition software, the devices could scan hundreds of yards in multiple directions, day or night, for known felons or wanted persons. One UAV could do the work of several plain-clothed officers in unmarked vehicles (Olligschlaeger, 2004). The new exoskeleton suit can be worn by an officer and uses nanotechnology and artificial muscles to allow the officer to run with minimal effort, over prolonged periods, at a speed of up to 20 mph. The suit also enables officers to lift up to four times their body weight (Olligschlaeger, 2004). The most interesting human and computer relationship could be the Mind Switch or Environmental Control Unit (ECU). Scientists at the University of Technology in Sydney have developed this extraordinary device. It could be described as a hands free remote control. The device responds to human brain waves that are brought on by thought. When the wearer of the device thinks about turning on the television, the device will remotely turn on the television (Rice, 2004). Augmented reality (AR) is a powerful new technology that is being developed. AR will provide situational awareness by projecting images into a persons real world vision. This device could aide law enforcement officers in several ways: (Cowper Buerger, 2003). Patrol car operator data and regional traffic management information on a heads-up display to make driving safer and more efficient, especially during pursuit and rapid response situations (2003). Identification Friend or Foe technology, worn by every police officer to reduce or eliminate friendly fire casualties by visually, audibly and/or haptically highlighting fellow police officers both on and off duty (2003). Display of officer location, activity and status information projected on a 3-dimensional map of the community (2003). The coordinated use of robots, UAVs and police officers managed through an AR network to enhance surveillance activities (2003). The use of realistic training scenarios to simulate dangerous police environments while blending real world equipment and fellow trainees into the scenario (2003). For some time now, computers have had the ability to process instructions from human verbal communication by means of voice analysis software. The next inherent step is voice interaction, comparable to that of an interactive robot. Robotic assistants are vastly intelligent computers that make use of a combination of emerging technologies: speech identification, vocalization synthesis, and amplified reality. The probabilities are to all intents and purposes endless. incorporating this device into an infinite number of public and restricted databases, employing data mining technology, and communicating with existing law enforcement communications systems (Computer Aided Dispatch, GPS guided locator systems, mobile data computers, etc.), will create an incredibly powerful and efficient information management system. A police officer using one of these devices in the field could accomplish many tasks at the same time by merely conversing with the device and dictating spoken commands (Cow per Buerger, 2003). Some additional technological advancement on the horizon include personal assistants, speech synthesis, wearable computers, data mining, liquid body armor, electronic clothing, artificial intelligence and crime forecasting (Olligschlaeger, 2004). Chapter 6: Agency Consolidation Research For centuries new there have agency consolidations, arguments over the idea, and endless discussions on the subject. The idea of consolidating over 17,000 law enforcement agencies throughout the U. S. into 1,000 regional agencies dates back to the 50s and was immediately rejected. Rural Americans were not pleased with the idea of losing local control. Rural communities also prefer to have very little government influence (Brown, 2009). Most small town police departments are comfortable with how their department is operated, the services they provide, and the local people whom they employ. They believe that a regional agency would bring uncertainty to their employment status and the nature of their jobs. The development of a regional agency would provide more services and better protection but this argument was also rejected due to the fact that small towns residents feel they do not need any more services or better protection. Nearly all small town communities feel their police departments are providing adequate service to the local people (Brown, 2009). Edward J. Tully (2002) believes there to be, seven main reasons why agency consolidation should at least be considered, they are listed as follows: Current regionalization efforts among jails have been successful. Las Vegas and Jacksonville have successfully merged police and sheriff offices into one metropolitan police force. Country wide based police forces have been successfully established in fast growing suburban counties (2002). Police related technology is extremely costly and the capabilities outweigh the need in most police departments. Computer technology is easily shared but the desire to share information is rare (2002). The U.S. is rapidly changing in terms of demographics, culture, and economy. Rural areas are losing population. The number of people approaching retirement age is increasing. The U.S. is more ethnically diverse than ever before. The majority of work has moved from blue collar to white collar. Crime rates have drastically increased in recent years. Our law enforcement officers have to be more sophisticated, more diverse, and more technologically proficient in order to deal effectively with todays criminals (2002). In this age of ceaseless litigation, the actions of one misguided police officer can result in liability to the entire agency. One judgment awarded against a rural police officer could bankrupt that department. A regional police agency would not directly deter misconduct but would spread the liability costs easing the financial strain (2002). Consolidation of police agencies would employ over 1500 officers and if properly trained and managed, could lead to a far more professional police force largely due to increased salaries and benefits, increased training, specialized services, and opportunities for promotion. The recruitment of highly qualified people would be considerably enhanced (2002). Police officers would have better resources to provide protection to citizens against criminal behavior, a higher quality of investigation, faster response times, and adequate man power for emergencies (2002). The nature of crime is changing. Cybercrimes, both national and international, such as terrorism, narcotics trafficking. These types of crime are beyond the available resource for small departments to investigate. Criminals realize this and use it to their advantage. Because of these reasons, it is necessary to involve the government in such criminal activity which reduces the sovereign power of state and local governments (2002). According to Edward J. Tully (2002), There is no evidence that the lack of regional police forces is causing any hardship on rural/suburban Americans. Evidence does show that this nations thousands of local police forces are getting the job done. The concept of bigger is better has proved true in our countries industries, commerce, schools, medical fields. Organizational growth allows for innovation, specialization, and increased productivity (Tully, 2002). According to OConnor (2009), The 10th Amendment of the United States Constitution reserves police powers to the states, and both federalism and tradition have resulted in a fragmented police structure at lower levels. Government, state, county, and local law enforcement agencies are constantly involved in consolidating or establishing new police departments. Massachusetts has abolished a number of county police agencies and assigned their police duties to state agencies. In Michigan, a state police agency is usually assigned to patrol just one city or county. Consolidation takes place when two or more police departments are combined into one, and commonly takes place in areas where two cities have grown closer together or one city has grown so large that it takes covers the majority of the county (OConnor, 2009). Chapter 7: Terrorism and Law Enforcement The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) was created by merging 22 separate agencies in one department whose primary mission is protecting the homeland. In order to be effective at fighting this countries war on terrorism, the DHS, along with local, state, regional, and national law enforcement agencies will all need to work together. What will be the role for police officers to play in the 21st Century; peace keepers, antiterrorism specialists, community outreach agents? One criminal-justice futurist, Gene Stephens, states, Better educated police officers with improved people skills and a stronger grasp on emerging technologies will be crucial to successful policing in the future. (2005) Even the most optimistic futuristic thinkers in the field are finding it difficult how police are going to be able to handle the increasing rate of terrorism and cybercrime and still be able to fight, the also increasing, crime on our countries streets. Futurists in the DHS feel that success can achieved with better education, training, and mentoring. These three things will give street cops the means to fit into the new law enforcement structure that is designed to fight and prevent terrorism (Stephens, 2005). The main challenge with this is that more than 90% of the police officers in the U.S. only have a high school diploma or GED. Police training in the U.S. takes three to four months to complete plus a little time performing on-the-job training. This short course in police training encompasses basic self defense, firing range, and field tactics. Very little time is spent on the skills needed to prevent crime and on improving community services. The members of the PFI agree that police officers in the U.S. need more education and focused training in order to be able to handle high-tech international crimes (Stephens, 2005). Attacks on our homeland are performed by criminals both inside and outside of this country. Terrorist tactics are being utilized by criminals that are U.S. citizens. These criminals are usually recruited gangs or major drug operation groups. These groups are recruited by terrorist groups to divert the police, usually through vigilant acts (Stephens, 2005). U.S. policing is being federalized in terms of policies, funding, direction, and control. The U.S. government, mainly the Office of Homeland Security, is forming alliances with police departments and private-sector corporations. The DHS is looking into adopting policing methods and standards of other countries that have been dealing with terrorism for many years, such as England, Ireland, France, and Israel. These countries also demand higher entrance and training standards for their police (Stephens, 2005). Law enforcement agencies incessantly have issues with the information privacy laws. Despite the fact that private individuals and criminals have been able to obtain and misuse the private and perso

Morrisons Bluest Eye Essay: Misdirected Anger Depicted -- Toni Morris

Misdirected Anger Depicted in The Bluest Eye In The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison shows that anger is healthy and that it is not something to be feared; those who are not able to get angry are the ones who suffer the most.   She criticizes Cholly, Polly, Claudia, Soaphead Church, the Mobile Girls, and Pecola because these blacks in her story wrongly place their anger on themselves, their own race, their family, or even God, instead of being angry at those they should have been angry at: whites.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pecola Breedlove suffered the most because she was the result of having others' anger dumped on her, and she herself was unable to get angry.   When Geraldine yells at her to get out of her house, Pecola's eyes were fixed on the "pretty" lady and her "pretty" house.   Pecola does not stand up to Maureen Peal when she made fun of her for seeing her dad naked but instead lets Freida and Claudia fight for her.   Instead of getting mad at Mr. Yacobowski for looking down on her, she directed her anger toward the dandelions she once thought were beautiful.   However, "the anger will not hold"(50), and the feelings soon gave way to shame.   Pecola was the sad product of having others' anger placed on her:   "All of our waste we dumped on her and she absorbed.   And all of our beauty, which was hers first and which she gave to us"(205).   They felt beautiful next to her ugliness, wholesome next to her uncleanness, her poverty made them generous, her weakness made them strong, and her pain made them happier.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When Pecola's father, Cholly Breedlove, was caught as a teenager in a field with Darlene by two white men, "never did he once consider directing his hatred toward the hunters"(150), rather her directed his hatred towards... ...(than shame).   There is a sense of being in anger.   A reality of presence.   An awareness of worth"(50).   the blacks are not strong, only aggressive; they are not compassionate, only polite; they were not good, but well behaved; they substituted good grammar for intellect, and rearranged lies to make them truth(205).   Most of all, they faked love where felt powerless to hate, and destroyed what love they did have with anger.   Toni Morrison tells this story to show the sadness in the way that the blacks were compelled to place their anger on their own families and on their blackness instead of on whites who cause their misery.   Although they didn't know this, "The Thing to fear(and thus hate) was the Thing that made her beautiful, and not us"(74), whiteness.   Works Cited: Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. Afterward by Toni Morrison. New York: Penguin, 1994.

The Tempest: Allegorical to the Bible Essay examples -- English Litera

The Tempest: Allegorical to the Bible The Tempest is not a pure fantasy tale, but a purposeful allegory. The characters in the play are all representative of characters found in the bible. The first, and perhaps most persuasive, arguement would be Prospero symbolizing God. Prospero is seen to be a representative of God for several reasons. First, he is obviously in control of the actions and has an omnipotent quality. This has been demonstrated by several scenes throughout the play. Consider the power that Prospero possesses, as shown in the Epilogue at the closing of the play: I have bedimmed The mooontide sun, called forth the mutinous winds, And 'twixt the green sea and the azured vault Set roaring war. . . . The strong-based promontory Have I made shake, and by the spurs plucked up The pine and cedar. Graves, at my command, Have waked their sleepers, oped and let them forth By my so potent art (V. i. 41-4, 46-50). These are obviously superhuman works. In fact, Prospero claims quite definitely that he possesses the power of mighty Zeus himself, for not only does he say that he can make lightning, but he declares that he has actually used the god's own thunderbolt (Still 6): To the dread rattling thunder Have I given fire, and rifted Jove's stout oak With his own bolt. Having already established that Prospero is the possessor of superhuman power, why would Shakespeare include this information except solely for alligorical purposes (Still 7)? This information serves no purpose except to establish Prospero as a god. Prospero is also seen in the play performing several roles that Christianity traditionally assign to God: that of the Omnipotent Judge and the Savior of Man. Prospero is revealed to be the Omnipotent Judge through a speech given by Ariel (Still 7): . . . . I and my fellows Are ministers of Fate. . . . The powers, delaying, not forgetting, have Incensed the seas and shores, yea, all the creatures Against your peace. . . and do pronounce by me Lingering perdition, worse than any death Can be at one, shall step by step attend You and your ways; whose wraths to guard you from, Which here, in the most desolate isle, else falls Upon your heads, is nothing, but heart's sorrow, And a clear life ensuing. Shakespeare tells us, through Ariel, that Prospero can pass sentance of lingering perdition, but whose mercy can be ga... ...he exile from the garden of Eden story in the Bible. Both involve two characters who are tempted with great power and knowlege by an evil being--Satan. Both are successfully tempted by the evil foce; both eventually suffer for their choices. "The Tempest", by William Shakespeare, is a very interesting and entertaining story when viewed by its face value. However, when one analyzes the characters, settings, and situations, one realizes the deeper meaning intended by Shakespeare in composing the drama. Through his creation of the island microcosm, which is ruled by Prospero and undermined by Caliban, the Bard creates a masterful work which glorifies a merciful God, who will forgive sins through repentance. In "The Tempest", Shakespeare creates a story that is valuable for more than just entertainment purposes--he creates a work of art. Works Cited Still, Colin. Shakespeare's Mystery Play: A Study of "The Tempest". Cecil Palmer, 1921. Knight, Wilson G. The Crown of Life: Essays in Interpretation of Shakespeare's Final Plays. Barnes & Noble, Inc., 1947. Leech, Clifford. Shakespeare's Tragedies and Other Studies in Seventeenth Century Drama. Chatto and Windus, 1950.

Electronic Bulletin Board for Slsu Gumaca Essay

As the trend of technology rises, there is a lot of improvement and other modifications has been taken place in every technology systems that are existing. Through the creative thinking of the people nothing is impossible when it comes to developing or improving new technology. Delaying information using communication devices, equipments and gadgets is not new anymore in the world of communication. It is very important to be transmitted must reach its recipient in the shortest possible time in order to obtain the essence of the information. A bulletin board (pin board, pin board, notice board, or notice board in British English) is a surface intended for the posting of public messages, for example, to advertise items wanted or for sale, announce events, or provide information. Bulletin boards are often made of a material such as cork to facilitate addition and removal of messages, or they can be placed on computer networks so people can leave and erase messages for other people to read and see. Bulletin boards are particularly prevalent at universities. They are used by many sports groups and extracurricular groups and anything from local shops to official notices. Dormitory corridors, well-trafficked hallways, lobbies, and freestanding kiosks often have cork boards attached to facilitate the posting of notices. At some universities, lampposts, bollards, trees, and walls often become impromptu posting sites in areas where official boards are sparse in number. Internet forums are becoming a global replacement for traditional bulletin boards. Online bulletin boards are sometimes referred to as message boards. The terms bulletin board, message board and even Internet forum are interchangeable, although often one bulletin board or message board can contain a n umber of Internet forums or discussion groups. An online board can serve the same purpose as a physical bulletin board. Magnet boards, or magnetic bulletin boards, are a popular substitute for cork boards because they lack the problem of board deterioration from the insertion and removal of pins over time. In the present society, competition is on its peak more specifically in the rapid growing technology. Technology advancement leads to more effective and progressive living. Technology conquers the world in terms of information and communication. As has been said all computers require a program, or a list of instructions to guide their activity. Sometimes the program is designed, or resides, within the hardware of the computer and cannot be changed without redesigning the hardware. More often the program is entered as software into memory and maybe easily removed or altered. (Grolier Family Encyclopedia, Vol. 5, p 150) Information technology has become an increasingly important component of an organization. Technology facilities the ongoing of affirm have been contributing to its competitive strategy, and for those organizations, the key to survive is through the intelligent application of this technology. With the help of computer programs, any information and special announcements can become ease to forecast. Today, computers played an important role in every aspects of human living. Computer is a broad subject that includes a wide range of topics such as networking, software, hardware and the likes. Computers have the most development reported everyday. Such technology evolves, and benefits everyone a vast variety of modern equipment, net software that is important in this growing technological industry. (Scott F. Midkipp, 2003) This study was designed to help SLSU Gumaca students in giving or forecasting information and special announcements in fast and accurate service at all times. Manual system of forecasting or announcing information of SLSU Gumaca is extremely time consuming and hardly be found. The study helps eliminate the problems encountered using the manual system. The chaos during forecasting of information and special announcements and the advancements in computer technology has pushed for the conversion of the manual system of forecasting information and special announcements into digital and electronic manner. Background of the Study The main purpose of the researcher is to improve the quality of giving information to all of the students of Southern Luzon State University Gumaca Campus, and to know how effective and productive it is in terms of the quality of execution and implementation. The researchers had proposed a system that is an improvement of bulletin board in the campus; the data/information would be displayed in a digital way and interpreted automatically, with the help of this, the students will have a convenience in knowing different essential announcements like schedules of examination, time schedule of daily activities of the institution, and other relevant information that students must know. In connection to that the students will be informed well and the level of accuracy is highly acceptable in terms of receiving valid information. The hassle and the waste of time of distributing paper announcements and other sort of giving information to the students made the researchers decide to improve the system in order to meet the most desirability Since Information, in its most restricted technical sense, is a sequence of symbols that can be interpreted as a message. Information can be recorded as signs, or transmitted as signals. Information is any kind of event that affects the state of a dynamic system. Conceptually, information is the message (utterance or expression) being conveyed and also that’s one of the reasons behind why the researchers decided to make it electronic and digital for it to be decoded easily. Objectives The researchers aimed to answer the following sets of objectives that are worthy for the system evaluation: 1. To determine different problems in giving information using papers and other resourced materials. 2. To evaluate the design of the newly improved bulletin board in SLSU Gumaca. 3. To evaluate the performance of the Bulletin Board in terms of the execution of the programs and other templates. 4. To determine the significant difference between the old ways and modern ways of giving information to the students. Significance of the study The study deals with the A Electronic Bulletin Board for SLSU Gumaca Campus†. This study will help the researchers and all of the Students of SLSU Gumaca to determine the importance of giving information through Digital Electronic Bulletin Board. The old or manual systems of forecasting information to the students would then be replaced by the highly advanced improvement of technology. For the future researchers, this study will serve as a guide for them if ever they will be conducting this kind of project study. For the Students of SLSU Gumaca, it will be an effective way of receiving a valid, real time information. Res Admin Statement of the Problem This particular study will be undertaken to analyze the design features and the effectiveness of the proposed project entitled â€Å"A Digital Electronic Bulletin Board for SLSU Gumaca.† This research/study aims to answer the following questions. 1. How would it be more productive for the students of SLSU Gumaca in getting information via Digital Electronic Bulletin board? 2. Why does it help a lot to both faculty and students for trading information and updates etc.? 3. What will be the appropriate design in order to catch up the attention of the students? 4. How will the proposed system be monitored and maintained? 5. What is the level of acceptability in terms of a. security and b. reliability? c. Jj d. Jjj e. Jj f. Nnn g. Hh h. Scope and constraints The study covered only the evaluation and implementation of the Digital Electronic Bulletin Board in SLSU Gumaca. The proposed system will run only in either win XP or win7 operating system. The researchers will be using standard PC unit serves as the server that has an installed Microsoft office (2003/2007) access database wherein all of the relevant information like special announcements events updates and other schedule of the activities will be stored and be encoded by the campus clerk or the person assigned to do that certain job. The designs for the templates and hardware for the proposed system will be made used of the resourced materials that are set visible and easy to use just like VB 6.0 for all of the software and templates, a flat screen wide monitor with the size of 32† and has modified and specialized features that is able to support the software the researchers had made. VGA connectors for the cabling connections that have the measurement of not more than 100 ft. depending upon the distance and location of the widescreen monitor. The proposed system has limited special effects when it comes to the animation and transitions of the texts and other objects. The recommended screen resolution will be 1920Ãâ€"1080 it will no longer be connected to the internet. Definition of Terms The following terms are operationally defined for clear understanding of this study: Evaluation – is assessing and judging the value of a piece of work; an organisation or a service. Its main purpose is to help an organization reflect on what it is trying to achieve, assessing how far it is succeeding, and identify required changes. Information – is the data that have been organized and meaningful to the persons receiving it. SLSU Gumaca – it is the institution wherein the study was being conducted Bulletin Board – A bulletin board (pin board, pin board, notice board, or notice board in British English) is a surface intended for the posting of public messages, for example, to advertise items wanted or for sale, announce events, or provide information. Digital – Of pertaining to, or like the fingers or digits digitate showing information such as numerals by means of electronics Vb 6.0 – is a programming language that was being used in the system Electronic – of or pertaining to electrons, operating or produced by the movement of free electrons or other carries of electric charge, as in an electron tube pertaining to electronics. Database- A database is a data structure that stores organized information. Most databases contain multiple tables, which may each include several different fields. For example, a company database may include tables for products, employees, and financial records. Each of these tables would have different fields that are relevant to the information stored in the table Chapter II REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter covers the review of related literature and studies the design paradigm. Literature and studies were gathered from the book, journals, internet sites, and other resources that could help the researchers fully understood the related topics relevant of the study. Bulletin board A bulletin board (pinboard, pin board, noticeboard, or notice board in British English) is a surface intended for the posting of public messages, for example, to advertise items wanted or for sale, announce events, or provide information. Bulletin boards are often made of a material such as cork to facilitate addition and removal of messages, or they can be placed on computer networks so people can leave and erase messages for other people to read and see. Bulletin boards are particularly prevalent at universities. They are used by many sports groups and extracurricular groups and anything from local shops to official notices. Dormitory corridors, well-trafficked hallways, lobbies, and freestanding kiosks often have cork boards attached to facilitate the posting of notices. At some universities, lampposts, bollards, trees, and walls often become impromptu posting sites in areas where official boards are sparse in number. Internet forums are becoming a global replacement for traditional bulletin boards. Online bulletin boards are sometimes referred to as message boards. The terms bulletin board, message board and even Internet forum are interchangeable, although often one bulletin board or message board can contain a number of Internet forums or discussion groups. An online board can serve the same purpose as a physical bulletin board. Magnet boards, or magnetic bulletin boards, are a popular substitute for cork boards because they lack the problem of board deterioration from the insertion and removal of pins over time. A bulletin board system, or BBS, is a computer system running software that allows users to connect and log in to the system using a terminal program. Once logged in, a user can perform functions such as uploading and downloading software and data, reading news and bulletins, and exchanging messages with other users, either through email, public message boards, and sometimes via direct chatting. Many BBSes also offer on-line games, in which users can compete with each other, and BBSes with multiple phone lines often provide chat rooms, allowing users to interact with each other. Originally BBSes were accessed only over a phone line using a modem, but by the early 1990s some BBSes allowed access via a Telnet, packet switched network, or packet radio connection. Ward Christensen coined the term â€Å"bulletin board system† as a reference to the traditional cork-and-pin bulletin board often found in entrances of supermarkets, schools, libraries or other public areas where people can post messages, advertisements, or community news. By â€Å"computerizing† this method of communications, the name of the first BBS system was born: CBBS – Computerized Bulletin Board System. During their heyday from the late 1970s to the mid-1990s, most BBSes were run as a hobby free of charge by the system operator (or â€Å"sysop†), while other BBSes charged their users a subscription fee for access, or were operated by a business as a means of supporting their customers. Bulletin board systems were in many ways a precursor to the modern form of the World Wide Web, social network services and other aspects of the Internet. As the use of the Internet became more widespread in the mid to late 1990s, traditional BBSes rapidly faded in popularity. Today, Internet forums occupy much of the same social and technological space as BBSes did, and the term BBS is often used to refer to any online forum or message board. Although BBSing survives only as a niche hobby in most parts of the world, it is still an extremely popular form of communication for Taiwanese youth (see PTT Bulletin Board System). Most BBSes are now accessible over Telnet and typically offer free email accounts, FTP services, IRC and all of the protocols commonly used on the Internet. Some offer access through packet switched networks, or packet radio connections. Early BBSes were often a local phenomenon, as one had to dial into a BBS with a phone line and would have to pay additional long distance charges for a BBS out of the local calling area. Thus, many users of a given BBS usually lived in the same area, and activities such as BBS meets or get togethers were common, where users of the board would gather at a local restaurant, the sysop’s home or similar venue and meet face to face. Research Paradigm Figure 1: Research Paradigm Figure 1 shows the process in evaluating computerized sales transaction in Quickfox Computer Sales and Services plus. The process has two inputs consist of computer system database design and questionnaire. Procedures/Data Collection The researchers used the most common techniques of data gathering by means of survey and interview and interview processes. First, the researchers had the survey by means of using a questionnaire then distributed to the target respondents. The questions dealt only with the topic interest of the research. And then the interview process had been done to answer one of the objectives of the study. Then, the researchers raised another set of questions through the use of checklist questionnaire to the owner for their cooperation for another survey to test how much time consumed using the manual transaction and using the computerized transaction sales.